本文选自经济学人中国版块 Sep 14th 2026
https://www.economist.com/china/2026/09/14/chinas-tutoring-crackdown-has-created-a-black-market
北京一位父亲,每学期花两万元给十岁的儿子上奥数和英语。奥数课没有招牌,对外说是“书法班”。教室也不好找,全靠家长口口相传。这不是悬疑小说里的接头,而是《经济学人》最近一篇文章中写到的一幕。
2021年“双减”落地后,大批学科培训机构退出市场。五年过去,培训产业确实变了,可家长对额外辅导的需求并没有跟着消失。供给少了,补课更隐蔽,价格也随之上涨。一项原本希望减轻学生负担的政策,为什么会碰上这样一组难解的后果?
今天读这两段
Five years on, the results are visible. China’s academic industrial complex has been wrecked. Listed companies such as New Oriental and TAL—the biggest cram-school brands—lost nearly 90% of their market value, wiping out about $100bn. They have since pivoted to adult education and non-academic tutoring. Nevertheless, as shown by the raids on smaller tutoring businesses, and even individual instructors, the demand for extra studying has not vanished. It has been pushed underground and into new channels.
It does not take many extra lessons in economics to fathom one effect: a restricted supply of tutoring has run into demand that is still buoyant, pushing up prices. Mr Gao, the father who sends his ten-year-old son to maths posing as calligraphy, pays 20,000 yuan (nearly $3,000) per semester for that plus an English class. “In the past, when everyone was in tutoring, prices were relatively affordable and competition happened inside school. Now, it comes down to whose family has more money,” he says.
参考翻译
五年过去,变化已经很明显。中国庞大的教培产业链受到重创。新东方、好未来等头部教培公司一度损失近九成市值,约1000亿美元化为乌有。此后,它们转向成人教育和非学科类培训。但从各地对小型培训机构、乃至个人教师的查处来看,额外补课的需求并没有消失,只是转入地下,流向了新的渠道。
不用多上几节经济学补习课,也能看出其中一个结果:补课供给受限,需求却依然旺盛,价格自然水涨船高。高先生让十岁的儿子以学书法为名上奥数课;再加一门英语课,每学期要花两万元(近3000美元)。他说:“以前大家都补课,价格还算负担得起,竞争也主要发生在学校里。现在归根结底,就看谁家更有钱。”
重点词汇
1. academic industrial complex
这个说法借用了 military-industrial complex 的壳。原词常指军方、军工企业和政治力量结成的庞大利益网络。文章把 military 换成 academic,多少带着一点揶揄,指的是课外培训早已长成一条规模惊人的产业链。例如:
The test-preparation industry has grown into an academic industrial complex.
应试培训已经发展成一条庞大的教育产业链。
2. wipe out
wipe out 常见义是“彻底消灭”,放到股市和商业报道中,往往指市值、财富或利润大幅蒸发。原文的 wiping out about $100bn,用“约1000亿美元化为乌有”比“消灭1000亿美元”自然得多。例如:
The sell-off wiped out a large part of the company’s market value.
这轮抛售让该公司大笔市值蒸发。
3. pivot to
pivot 本来是“以某一点为轴转动”。商业报道中常用于企业调整方向、改换赛道,比普通的 change 多了一层战略转向的意思。
Several tutoring companies pivoted to adult education.
多家教培公司转向了成人教育。
4. buoyant demand
buoyant 原本形容能浮在水面上。常与demand、market、economy 搭配,表示需求旺盛、市场活跃、经济有韧性。
Despite tighter rules, demand for extra tutoring remained buoyant.
尽管监管收紧,课外辅导需求依然旺盛。
长难句解析
It does not take many extra lessons in economics to fathom one effect: a restricted supply of tutoring has run into demand that is still buoyant, pushing up prices.
结构拆解:冒号前是主句 It does not take...to fathom...;冒号后解释这个“结果”。后半句的主干是 a restricted supply has run into demand,that is still buoyant 修饰 demand,句末的 pushing up prices 说明由此产生的结果。
翻译点拨:这句最妙的是 extra lessons in economics。它表面上说“不用多学几节经济学课”,又顺手扣住全文的补课主题。翻译成“不用多上几节经济学补习课”便能把这层玩笑留下来。后半句按中文习惯拆开:供给受限,需求旺盛,价格自然上涨。
写作与翻译迁移
雅思写作:写教育竞争、校外培训或政策影响,可以用这组供需逻辑:
When supply is restricted but demand remains buoyant, prices tend to rise.
供给受到限制而需求依然旺盛时,价格往往会上涨。
考研写作:讨论一项措施的后续影响,可以这样写:
Policies aimed at easing academic pressure may have uneven effects when demand remains unchanged.
如果需求没有改变,旨在减轻学业压力的政策可能产生并不均衡的影响。
CATTI 翻译:Now, it comes down to whose family has more money.
现在归根结底,就看谁家更有钱。这里的 come down to 不能照字面处理,它说的是“最终由什么决定”。
写在最后
培训机构可以退出,招牌可以摘掉,家长对升学的担忧却很难靠一道禁令消失。文章写到最后,问题落在了一个很现实的地方:当额外辅导变得隐蔽而昂贵,谁还负担得起?
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今日互动问题(请大家多多留言互动啊)
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